William A. Carter is the Deputy Director of the Technology Policy Program at CSIS, and leads the Center’s research on artificial intelligence. His research focuses on international cyber and technology policy issues, including artificial intelligence, cyber conflict and deterrence, surveillance and privacy, data localization, financial sector cybersecurity, and law enforcement and technology, including encryption. He has testified before the U.S. Congress and spoken at events and conferences around the world, and has participated in Track 2 dialogues on cyber and technology policy issues with China, Russia and Australia. Before joining CSIS, he worked at Goldman Sachs, where he performed research and analysis on geopolitics and international affairs and their impact on markets. He previously worked at the Council on Foreign Relations and at Caxton Associates, a New York hedge fund. He graduated from New York University with a B.A. in economics.